Features
Though there are hundreds of truffle species, only a select few are considered culinary treasures. Let’s focus on three exceptional varieties of French black truffles: Tuber melanosporum, Tuber uncinatum, and Tuber aestivum. These are more commonly referred to as black winter truffles, Burgundy truffles, and summer truffles. Let’s dive into what makes each of these truffles unique.
Black Winter Truffles (Tuber melanosporum)
The best black truffles undoubtedly come from France. In this country, winter black truffles are more commonly called Tuber melanosporum, the Périgord truffle or the Diamond of Perigord, after the famed French region. This mushroom is revered worldwide. However, this nickname can be misleading since these truffles are now cultivated in other regions, including Australia.
Tuber melanosporum grows in the Provence region of France from December to March. During this season the truffle markets are abundant of this delicious tuber, black with a dark marbled interior, characterized by an earthy and chocolaty flavor.
Since humans cannot detect their scent underground, trained animals like dogs or pigs are used to locate them. Interestingly, a certain type of fly also helps hunters, as it lays eggs near truffle deposits.
Season: Found across France from November to February.
Characteristics: Deeply veined, almost black-purple flesh with a bold aroma and taste, featuring hints of cocoa, earth, and tannins.
Culinary Uses: Thinly shave and tuck under poultry skin before roasting, or layer into foie gras terrines. Pair with cooked beef, pork, or game meats. Add shavings to creamy sauces, pasta, scrambled eggs, or even try a unique twist like black truffle ice cream.
Burgundy Truffles (Tuber uncinatum)
Named after Burgundy, France, these truffles are among the most widespread, growing from Spain to Sweden and as far as North Africa.
Season: Harvested between September and December.
Characteristics: The Burgundy truffle has a dark, textured skin with diamond-like patterns. Its interior is chocolate-brown with a rich, nutty aroma that carries hints of earth and caramel.
Culinary Uses: Best enjoyed raw or slightly warmed. Shave over creamy soups, risottos, potatoes, or pasta. Pair with cheeses or charcuterie using truffle honey for a delightful flavor combination.
Black Summer Truffles (Tuber aestivum)
The summer black truffle, tuber aestivum vitt or “truffe de la St. Jean” is found in France in the same fields where the winter variety grows, during the months of June to November.
The mildest of the black truffles, the summer truffle, offers a more delicate flavor profile. Less fragrant and flavorful than the winter truffle, it remains a good choice for culinary experimentation without the price tag. It’s a versatile and affordable option.
Season: Harvested from May to September.
Characteristics: Black exterior with pale flesh that transitions from cream to gray as it matures. The flavor is light, with notes of hazelnut and caramelized cream, and its texture is firm and slightly crunchy.
Culinary Uses: Use generously as they are more budget-friendly. Shave over salads, serve raw, or add warmth to enhance their delicate flavor. Layer with truffle butter or oil for depth, or use in creative dishes like truffle mashed potatoes or grits with ham.
Due to their high price, these mushrooms are often used sparingly in dishes or preserved to extend their aromatic qualities. Fresh truffles should be consumed within a month if stored in oil or packed in rice and frozen. However, even when preserved, their flavor and aroma can elevate ingredients like rice or eggs.
Pricing
There are a lot of reasons behind high prices of French truffles. Their rarity, seasonal availability, and the challenging harvesting process make them a luxury item. Add to this the cost of maintaining and training dogs to locate these underground treasures, and it’s easy to see why prices fluctuate from year to year. Environmental conditions also play a big role in annual production, making some seasons more abundant than others.
Because they are sourced directly from France, the cost also reflects their authenticity and exclusivity. While they may not be an everyday indulgence, they are perfect for elevating special occasions.
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French Truffles Questions And Answers